Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Third Trip -

Brazza’s third trip is called “the West African mission.”

This trip was intended to complete the work of the two previous missions. The third expedition provided the opportunity to establish 26 new posts on the Ogooué and Middle Congo, leading to the creation of the Colony of Gabon and the Colony of Middle Congo.

Brazza, appointed Government Commissioner by France in 1883, was responsible for organizing the two colonies.

He took up residence in Libreville, which became the capital of Gabon and Middle Congo, and later, by decree of December 2, 1888, the unified colony of Gabon-Congo.

Savorgnan de Brazza’s voyages concluded the first phase of Gabon’s geographical exploration. De Lastours and Decazes organized the French occupation of the discovered territories.

Brazza died in Dakar on September 14th, 1905, after opening the way to modern Gabon and founding the posts of Ndjole, Assouka, Madiville (which would become Lastoursville in memory of the explorer Rigail de Lastours), Leketi, and Franceville.

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza’s third voyage (1883-1885) was a mission of exploration and consolidation of French control in Equatorial Africa, marked by the founding of numerous posts and the establishment of the administration of the French Congo.

This was a mission of critical importance, as it resulted in the establishment of Brazzaville and the ratification of treaties with Makoko, formalizing the French protectorate over the region.

Key Objectives and Achievements of the Third Voyage

Finalization of Treaties: Brazza returned to the Congo to deliver the ratified treaties to Makoko, formalizing the cession of territories to France.

Consolidation of French Control: He established a series of posts from Ogooué to Congo and consolidated the French presence in the region.

Foundation of Brazzaville: The voyage resulted in the creation of the French settlement in the Congo, of which Brazzaville is the current capital.

Administrative Organization: Brazza was appointed Commissioner General of the French Congo and organized the territory, which also included Gabon.

Exploration of the Sangha Basin: He continued to explore the Sangha Basin as far as the Benue River in Cameroon.

Competition with other powers: This mission took place in a context of intense rivalry between European powers seeking to expand their colonial empires in Africa.

Political context and treaty ratification

Treaty ratification: The third voyage took place after the French Parliament ratified the Treaty of Friendship signed during the second mission.

Formalization of the settlement: The 1883-1885 mission formalized the taking of possession of the territories through the French settlement of the Congo.

Berlin Conference: The trip took place during the Berlin Conference (1884-1885), which divided African territories among the European colonial powers.

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